The Kashmir

              Kashmir

Srinagar city

The region to 1947

A succession of Hindu dynasties ruled Kashmir until 1346, when it came under Muslim rule. The Muslim period lasted nearly five centuries, ending when Kashmir was annexed to the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab in 1819 and then to the Dogra kingdom of Jammu in 1846.

The history of Kashmir is marked by a series of events, including the introduction of Buddhism, the rise of Hindu dynasties, and the creation of the princely state of Kashmir:

 : Buddhism: In the 3rd century BCE, the Mauryan emperor Ashoka introduced Buddhism to the region. 

HiHindu dynasties: From the 9th to the 12th century CE, Kashmir was a center of Hindu culture. 

Muslim rule: In 1320, Rinchan Shah became the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir, beginning the Kashmir Sultanate. 

Mughal Empire: From 1586 to 1751, Kashmir was part of the Mughal Empire. 

Afghan Durrani Empire: From 1751 to 1820, Kashmir was part of the Afghan Durrani Empire. 

Sikh kingdom: In 1819, Kashmir was annexed to the Sikh kingdom of the Punjab. 

Dogra kingdom: In 1846, Kashmir was annexed to the Dogra kingdom of Jammu. 

Princely state: The princely state of Kashmir was created in 1846.

Partition: In 1947, Kashmir became a disputed territory after the Partition of India. 

Accession: In 1947-8, the Maharaja of Kashmir signed a treaty of accession with India. 

Ceasefire line: In 1949, Kashmir was partitioned between India and Pakistan, with a ceasefire line agreed. 

Line of Control: In 1972, the Simla Agreement formalized the ceasefire line as the Line of Control. 

Kashmir insurgency: In the 1980s and 1990s, armed resistance and mass protests occurred in Kashmir. 

Kargil conflict: In 1999, India and Pakistan engaged in a brief conflict after militants crossed the Line of Control. 

The word Kashmir is thought to have been derived from Sanskrit and was referred to as káśmīra. A popular local etymology of Kashmira is that it is land desiccated from water. An alternative etymology derives the name from the name of the Vedic sage Kashyapa who is believed to have settled people in this land.

India controls approximately 55% of the land area of the region that includes Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, most of Ladakh, the Siachen Glacier, and 70% of its population; Pakistan controls approximately 30% of the land area that includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan; and China controls the remaining 15% of the land ...